Abstract
Prepare yourself for a life-changing article about penguins…
Introduction
Penguins are a family (Spheniscidae) of aquatic flightless birds that live primarily in the Southern Hemisphere. Their diet consists of:
- Krill
- Fish
- Squid
- More fish
There are 18 species of penguin, including:
- Macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus)
- Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus)
- Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua)
Methods
To determine whether a higher body mass implies a longer bill, we loaded a penguins dataset using pandas:
import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv(
'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday/master/data/2020/2020-07-28/penguins.csv'
)
data.head()
|
species |
island |
bill_length_mm |
bill_depth_mm |
flipper_length_mm |
body_mass_g |
sex |
year |
| 0 |
Adelie |
Torgersen |
39.1 |
18.7 |
181.0 |
3750.0 |
male |
2007 |
| 1 |
Adelie |
Torgersen |
39.5 |
17.4 |
186.0 |
3800.0 |
female |
2007 |
| 2 |
Adelie |
Torgersen |
40.3 |
18.0 |
195.0 |
3250.0 |
female |
2007 |
| 3 |
Adelie |
Torgersen |
NaN |
NaN |
NaN |
NaN |
NaN |
2007 |
| 4 |
Adelie |
Torgersen |
36.7 |
19.3 |
193.0 |
3450.0 |
female |
2007 |
Results
The figure below shows the bill length plotted as a function of the body mass for three species across a 3-year period.
Bill length as a function of body mass
According to our data, the average bill length is 43.9 mm.